Impaired fasting glycemia
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Diabetes mellitus
Types of Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Gestational diabetes
Pre-diabetes:
Impaired fasting glycaemia
Impaired glucose tolerance
Disease Management
Diabetes management:
•Diabetic diet
•Anti-diabetic drugs
•Conventional insulinotherapy
•Intensive insulinotherapy
Other Concerns
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetic comas:
•Diabetic hypoglycemia
•Diabetic ketoacidosis
•Nonketotic hyperosmolar
Diabetic myonecrosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetes and pregnancy
Blood tests
Blood sugar
Fructosamine
Glucose tolerance test
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) refers to a
condition in which the fasting blood glucose is elevated above what is
considered normal levels but is not high enough to be classified as diabetes
mellitus. It is considered a pre-diabetic state, associated with insulin
resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology, although of lesser
risk than impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IFG sometimes progresses to type 2
diabetes mellitus. There is a 50% risk over 10 years of progressing to overt
diabetes. A recent study cited the average time for progression as less than
three years.[1] IFG is also a risk factor for mortality.[2]
Fasting blood glucose levels are in a continuum within a given population, with
higher fasting glucose levels corresponding to a higher risk for complications
caused by the high glucose levels. Impaired fasting glucose is defined as a
fasting glucose that is higher than the upper limit of normal, but not high
enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus. Some patients with impaired
fasting glucose can also be diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance, but many
have normal responses to a glucose tolerance test.
Criteria
WHO criteria for impaired fasting glucose differs from the ADA criteria, because
the normal range of glucose is defined differently. Fasting glucose levels 100
mg/dL and higher have been shown to increase complication rates significantly.
However, WHO opted to keep its upper limit of normal at under 110 mg/dL for fear
of causing too many people to be diagnosed as having impaired fasting glucose,
whereas the ADA lowered the upper limit of normal to a fasting glucose under 100
mg/dL.
* WHO criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dL) to 6.9
mmol/l (125 mg/dL).[3][4]
* ADA criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) to 6.9
mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
References
1. ^ Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Brown JB (2007). "Progression From Newly Acquired
Impaired Fasting Glusose to Type 2 Diabetes". Diabetes Care 30: 228–233.
doi:10.2337/dc06-1392. PMID 17259486. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/30/2/228.
2. ^ Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA, et al (2007). "Risk of cardiovascular and
all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting
glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and
Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)". Circulation 116 (2): 151–7.
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628. PMID 17576864.
3. ^ .World Health Organization. "Definition, diagnosis and classification of
diabetes mellitus and its complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1.
Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
4. ^ "Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Diabetes Care 28 Suppl
1: S37–42. 2005. PMID 15618111.
* This page was last modified on 30 October 2008, at 20:20.
* All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
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